Overview and Background: Unit: Toward the Stars

 

Amy Schroeder : Cheney USD 268

Science. : Space Science : Space Science

Cheney : Grades 7 - 7 : Aug. - Jun.

 

Title:

Toward the Stars

Topics:

Space observers, The Earth Moves, Exploring the Solar System, Our Universe

Time Frame:

9 weeks

Start Date:

-

 

Other Designers:

 

Summary:
Students will examine the structure of the universe. Students will seek their own explanations for common astronomical events and explore the theories used to explain these events. Students investigate how the tilt of the Earth's axis and its orbit around teh Sun create the seasons.

 

Print Materials Needed:

Resources:

"Science Plus" Level Red; Unit 7 Toward the Stars

"Hands-On General Science Activities with Real-Life Applications" Pam Walker and Elaine Wood

 

Resource Attachments:

Internet Resource Links:

 

Notes:

 

 

Stage 1: Identify Desired Results

 

State:

KS      

Title:

 

Standard(s):

Kansas State Standards
4.3.1 Compare and contrast the characteristics of the planets.

4.3.2 Develop understanding of spatial relationships via models of te Earth/moon/planets/sun system to scale.

4.3.3 Research smaller components of the solar system such as asteroids and comets.

4.3.4 Identify the sun as a star and compare its characteristics to those of other stars.

4.4.1 Demonstrate object/space/time relationships that explain phenomena such as the day, the month, the year, and the seasons.

 

Understandings:

user

Theories evolve with new evidence.

Unit
Common astronomical events are explained by theories.

 

Essential Questions:

User

What is the Earth's place in the Universe?
Is there a possiblity for life on other planets?
How have astronomers come up with the model of our solar system?
How did the universe begin?

 

Knowledge and Skills:

-Define astronomy.
-Identify some fo the objects observed and studied by astronomers.
-Evaluate models of the universe as put forth by Aristotle, Aristarchus and Ptolemy.
-Explain the difference between the heliocentric and geocentric models.
-Explain the motions of celestial bodies using the Copernican model.
-Draw a scale model of the distances of the planets from the sun.
-Explain why the amount of daylight changes throughut the year.
-Describe how the tilt of Earth on its axis creates the seasons.
-Identify the position of the Earth during the summer and winter solstices and the vernal and autumnal equinoxes.
-Identify the differences between meteors, meteorites, asteroids, and comets.
-Explain why many meteorite-impact craters are visible on the moon's surface and not the Earth.
-Describe in general terms the distances that separate the planets.
-Identify some of the principal features that distinguish one planet from another.
-Describe the size of stars.
-Explain the relationship between the color of a star and its temperature.

 

Stage 2: Determine Acceptable Evidence

 

Assessment Summary:
The class will be divided into groups of 2-4 students. Each group will be assigned a planet to research. At the completion of the planet research each group will create an organism capable of survival on their chosen planet. Students will make a poster that shows their creature on their chosen planet. Students will prepare a presentation to share with the class their planet information along with special adaptations their creature has for survival.
Other Evidence: vocabulary sheets, quizzes, worksheets, labs, class discussions.

 

 

 

Other assessment evidence to be collected:

 

Stage 3: Plan Learning Experiences and Instruction

 

Learning Activities:

W
Introduce the unit using the essential questions. How do we know what we know? Assess students' misconceptions about the study of space.(round robin) Handout performance guidelines, rubrics and timelines.

H
What are some unique characteristics about the planet Earth that is different from other planets?
What are some unique characteristics about the organisms that inhabit the planet Earth?
Is it possible for life to exist on other planets?
How would we go about finding out?

E
Astronomy is the study of the universe and its components.
Scientists who study the univers and Earth's place in it are called astronomers.

a. Make a list of as many celestial bodies as possible. How many have you actually seen?

b. Answer questions on page 422 and discuss.

c. Make a list of questions you would like to have answered as study space.

d. Exploration 1: page 428 Heavenly Motions
Part 1: Celestial Quiz do as partners
Part 2: Checking it Out as homework

e. Celestial Picture Study page 431-433 read and answer questions as a team.

f. Come up with a definition of astronomy.

Evaluate models of the universe.
Compare and contrast the geocentric and heliocentric models of the solar system.

a. Discuss the early observers: Aristarchus, Aristotle and Ptolemy. What were their views? Do you agree with them?

Explain the motions of celestial bodies by using the Copernican model of the solar system.

a. The Trial of Galileo: discuss Galileo's ideas about the universe.

b. Exploration 1: page 440-442
Part 1 Copernicus's Model
Part 2 Retrograde Motion

c. Movie about Galileo's studies and ideas about the universe. Write a description about the way Galileo and others were treated because of what they studied and believed in.

Explain why the amount of daylight changes throughout the year.
Describe how the tilt of the Earth on its axis creates seasons.

a. Exploration 2: A Trip around the Sun page 446-448

Illustrate how a planet orbits the Sun by drawing an ellipse.

a. Kepler's Puzzle

b. Exploration 3: Investigating an Ellipse page 450

Create a Scaled down model of the solar system.

a. Each student picks a planet and make a scaled-down model of it.

b. Calculate the distance it is from the sun. Create a scaled-down version of the solar system.

c. Go outside or in a long hallway and stand the proper distance from the sun.

Create an organism to survive on a selected planet.

a. Go over project guidelines.

b. Pick groups and planet to research.

c. Go to the library to research planet.

d. Make a list of adaptations the creature will have to survive on the chosen planet.

e. Students will make a poster of the creature on its planet.

f. Students will type a report to discuss the creature with its adaptations. Student groups will present creatures and posters to the class.

Describe the surface of the moon.
Compare and contrast meteors, meteorites, comets and asteroids.
Create craters and compare with what teh craters on the moon look like.

a. The Man in the Moon Activity: Reading and vocab on the moon's surface.

b. Create a graphic organizer to compare and contrast meteors, meteorites, comets and asteroids.

c. Lab on craters.

R
Students will work in groups to determine the answers to the following questions.

a. What is our place in the universe?

b. Is it possible to find life on other planets?

c. Would it be possible for life to survive on other planets?

d. How would you feel if you had the opportunity to live somewhere else besides Earth? Would you want to?

e. Which astronomers had the best explanations about the universe?

f. Could you see why some of the early astronomers were not believed? believed?

E
The class will divide into groups to complete the following space creature assignment.

Congratulations! Your team has been selected to work on a NASA space project. This project will require your space exploration team to examine the physical and environmental conditions on one of the eight planets other than earth. This mission is of vital importance because environmental projections indicate that the atmosphere of teh earth is reacing toxic levels. Scientists project that teh toxicity level will increase to an extent that one day human life will be unable to survive. At this time, environmentalists on earth are trying to halt our spiral toward destruction, but there are no guarantees that it is not too late. NASA and teh governmental heads of all the countries of the world have elected to expand research done on the planets in our solar system. It is the goal of this mission to uncover a planet that may be able to support a future form of life. Your exploration team will head the mission to one of the eight planets.

Your team will conduct detailed research on a planet. Upon completion of this research, your team will use this research information to design a creature that could exist on that planet. You are one of eight teams around the world researching each planet in detail. Each exploration team will randomly select a slip of paper that denotes which plaent the team has been assigned.

Each team will decide what characteristics a creature must have to exist on the designated planet. Access to library materials written by space experts will be provide to aid in this decision. After your team has conducted adequate research on the planet, the designs for the perfect creature should be made and detailed drawing and written description of the creature should be provided.